SUM The Sinclair/Timex Users Magazine

TS 1000

SINCLAIR/TIMEX USERS MAGAZINE “$950
Volume III MAY 1985 Number 5

SPECIAL ISSUE!

- Inside -

Portuguese Timex Computer & Disk Drive System — A Review!
The Rotronics Wafadrive — An Alternative to Cassette
Converting Your Color TV to a Color Monitor

PUBLISHER’S STATEMENT
— For New Readers and Old

For a number of our readers, this is
your first issue of SUM Magazine. Others
have been with us since we were only a
local users newsletter,
Timex Users Group here in Gainesville.

SUM Magazine is the result of the
efforts of Joe Williamson and me, Richard
Cravy, to help support our "orphan" com-
puters. AS a result of several small pub-
lishers and dozens of small software and
hardware businesses across the U.S., not
only are the Timex computers being sup-
ported, they are thriving. For those who

TS 1000 TS 1500 TS 2068

ght SINCLAIR/TIMEX USERS MAGAZINE
3224 Northwest 30th Avenue
Gainesville, Florida 32605
904/378-gooo (evenings /weekends )
EDITOR
PUBLISHER

Joe Williamson
| Richard Cravy
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

Al Mollitor Bill Woodward John Monkus

$12.00/year
Published monthly

ADVERTISING RATES

Half Page

Quarter Page

Eighth Page

These prices do not include artwork or ad layout. If at all
possible, advertisers should supply their own.

Classifieds: $2.00 per line (35 characters). FREE
personal ads for subscribers (no dealers).

SUBMISSIONS

We pay 7¢ per line for articles published (after
editing) and 10¢ per program line (after editing).

CORRESPONDENCE

Use your name and address exactly as it appears on
your mailing label in all correspondence, especially if
ordering from a sample copy. Please tell our advertisers
you saw their ad in SUM.

supporting the

do not already know, there is more hard-
ware and software now than there ever was
when Timex was in the business! We are
glad to be a small part in this success.
In SUM Magazine we try to offer a place
for entrepreneurs to advertise, and owners
to share their discoveries with others. In
addition, we try to provide a good mix of

news, hardware construction, software pro-

gramming, and hardware and software
reviews. Though we appreciate the help
that some companies have given us by
advertising or providing review copies, we
honestly try to be unbiased in our

evaluations, thinking only of whether we

would consider purchasing and using a
product ourselves. Our opinion may not be
the same as others, or the same as the
manufacturer -- but it is how we honestly

feel,

Joe has brought to this task a just
completed degree in Electrical Engineering
at the University of Florida (Go Gators')
and experience with Sinclair dating back
to his purchase and construction of a ZX8i
kit.

I have now, have access to, or have
owned in the past, numerous computers in-
cluding IBM PCs, Apple, TRS-80, Sanyo, and
Kaypro. My favorite for all around = fun,
and sincere respect for its engineering
genius is, of course, the Timex/Sinclair
line.

Growth of SUM since we formally began
an active subscription drive last August
has been more than we had hoped for. We
add new subscribers daily, currently mail
to 650+ Timex users and users groups. Some
new (and expensive) advertising we are
just beginning will generate many more
subscribers, and you may be in that
number . .

Plans for the future are these: MORE OF
THE SAME, ONLY BETTER! We hope to keep a
10/50 ratio between advertising and edit-
Orial content (by page count), but up the
amount of editorial material by using
smaller type, and eventually switching
over to commercial typesetting. As you've
noticed, we are a MONTHLY. We think this
distinguishes us, for the present, from
all other major Timex/Sinclair magazines
here in the U.S. Presently we are either
the lowest or among the lowest in sub-
scription price and advertising. We hope
to keep it that way! This is not a slam
against other publishers, for we know that

...continued on page 27

Portuguese Timex T-2068 Computer
& Timex Disk Drive System:
A Hands-On Evaluation

Timex is still in the home computer
market--in Europe! When Timex bowed out
here in early 1984, their computer manu-
facturing facilities in Portugal continued
their work, primarily, ta) everyone
believed, manufacturing for Sinclair in
England. Apparently, this was only partly
true. Their research and devel opment
department was still at work, perfecting
the products only hinted at before Timex
bowed out.

This issue of SUM is partly devoted to
reviews of these new products. It is our
understanding that Timex in Portugal is
currently selling the computer in Portu-
gal, and has the disk drive system for

3

sale in both England (for the’ Spectrum)
and in Portugal. We do not presently have
any undisputed indication that they will
come to the American market. There is also
no connection with the coming QL computer
from Sinclair.

Through the courtesy of Timex in Portu-
gal and the invaluable help and persis-
tence of Bob Dyl of English Micro Connec-

tion in Newport, Rhode Island, SUM has
been able to acquire the following compu-
ter equipment for evaluation: a Timex

Single disk drive system, a new version of
the Timex 2068 computer, and a Timex
Emulator Cartridge. None of these products
are presently for sale in the U.S. They

PERGONAL OS5.08 COMPUTER

The keyboard looks the same, except for the name in the upper left corner. The real differences lie inside.

are expected in the future. More details
will given further on in this article.

= THE HARDWARE

The Timex 2068 computer appears to be a
Timex/Sinclair 2068 with only the name in
the upper left corner changed. I say,
"appears" because, in fact, it is a dif-
ferent computer in several ways. First is
the fact that the rear edge connector is
not TS-2068 compatible; it is a Sinclair
Spectrum pin-out. Shipped with the com
puter is one of Timex’s small plug-in
cartridges (goes under the Timex Command
Cartridge door on the right hand side of
the computer) which makes the Timex 2068

highly compatible with the Spectrum when
it is plugged in. When removed, the T-2068
runs TS-2068 software.

LIFT TO OPEN ~ Tiwex Commann canraince Fo OF 28

Visions of running the Emulator = cart-
ridge on my TS-2068 ran through my head as
well, but investigation shows that the
emulator cartridge has been made tall
enough that it won't fit into the slot of
the American machine; it’s just as well as
it turns out, since the Emulator does not
work with American machines.

The case and keyboard are identical
other than the taller slot for the Emu-
lator cartridge. Opening the Portuguese
computer also reveals major differences.
The circuit board is much smaller, and is
dominated by a few large scale integrated
circuits which must incorporate many of
the discreet resistors and capacitors and
other parts on the American machine. The
RF modulator is of a different design, and
the output on our monitors and television
was much “cleaner" and steady. The one
machine we tested did seem to have a
slightly weaker output signal on the moni-
tor than the 15-2068. The Portuguese
computer uses a 9% volt power supply
instead of the 15 volt sold in America.

The disk drive system consists of three
identical sized boxes approximately 5"
wide by 6 1/4" deep by 2 3/4" tall. They
contain the power supply, disk controller,
and disk drive. In addition, the approp-
riate interface is provided which plugs
into the rear of the computer. Three ver-
sions of the interface are said to exist,

Disk drive controller box and plug-in interface

two of which we tested. Versions for the
Spectrum and the Portuguese T-2068 we ran
through their paces. We have not seen the
interface that adapts the drive system to
the American TS-2068. Various cables also
protrude from the three boxes connecting
the power supply to the controller and
drive. Another cable from the rear of the
controller box connects to the disk drive.
A second coiled cable comes from the front
of the controller and plugs into the
interface.

Having the drive system spread out over
three boxes and an interface is a mixed
blessing. The snarl of cables keeps things
untidy looking in the back, accentuated if
you are also using one or both of the RS-
252 interfaces on the back of the control-
ler box. They are also a bother to pick up
and move. On the other hand, being small
and separate gives you some variety in how
you place them, though the cables which
run between the boxes won't allow them to
be separated by too much. They can be
stacked on top of each other or set up on
a shelf to leave more room on your desk
top.

One real problem is the lack of any
access to the rear edge connector when the
interface is plugged in. This means, in my
case, that I cannot run my printer with
the disk drive since my printer has a cen-
tronics parallel interface. Unless you
purchase a Y-connector, a serial-to-para-
llel converter, or a serial printer, you

will have the same problem. (An exception
to this is Joe Williamson‘’s Foote Print
printer interface which plugs into the
cartridge slot of the TS-2068.)

UP AND RUNNING

The disk system connects up easily, but
first time users may be a little unsure of
themselves since the manual has no diagram
or picture to accompany the written in-
structions. When powering up, the computer
is turned on first. Then the power switch
on the back of the disk power supply is
flipped on. A prominent red light shows on
the disk drive unit indicating its readi-
ness. A 3" microfloppy comes with the sys-
tem. It contains the disk operating system
designated 7.0.5. (Timex Operating System)
and is self booting (loading) when slipped
into the drive slot.

When the disk is inserted, the red
light flickers off and on why the quiet
drive loads the TOS. When booting is com-
pleted, the light goes off, indicating
both that the operation is complete and

How the disk drive system stacks up

that it is now safe to remove the diskette
if another one is to be used. The diskette
itself is enclosed in a rigid plastic case
and has a metal shutter covering all open-
ings in to the magnetic surface. This
shutter slides out of the way when the
disk is inserted in the drive and closes
as it is removed.

The disk drive is a Hitachi unit which
is a wonder of miniaturization. This same
drive was offered for a while in the U.S.
but never caught on, losing out to the
Sony drives used on the Apple Macintosh,
Hewlett-Packard, and other computers. But
it does seem to be quite popular in Europe
as I see it advertised either available
for or actually being used with a number
of different computers there. TOS can han-
dle up to 4 drives, though cabling is only
supplied for two, and an extra power = sup-
ply would be necessary. The drive is a
Single-sided (SS) model meaning it has one
read/write head and operates on one side
of the diskette. However, the diskettes
can be turned over and the second side
used.

Maximum storage capacity of the disk-
ettes is 160k per side, or 320k each. When
the operating system is saved on a disk,
it leaves 140k of useable space on a side.

Access time, saving, and loading are
fast. I was able to save everything thing
in the memory of the 2068, from address 0
to Ramtop--64k--in 32 seconds. That comes
to 2k per second. Saving Tasword II on to
disk was simple, practically identical to
Saving it onto the A & J Microdrives as
detailed in the April issue of SUM. For
comparison, loading Tasword II off cas-
sette takes about 105 seconds, off A & J
Microdrive about 25 seconds (once it finds
the beginning of the file), and off the
Timex disk drive about 7 seconds!

After the TOS diskette boots up, there
is no immediate indication that TOS is in
place. However, the CAT*® command will
bring the drive briefly to life and a dir-
ectory of all files available on the = cur-
rent diskette will be displayed on the
screen. Saving and loading files is accom
plished as with a cassette except the com-
mand must be followed by an asterisk (sym-
bol-shift B). In fact all instructions to
the disk drive must contain the asterisk
or they will either look for cassette or
send the system off to “never never land".
When the computer does "go away", a reset
button on the interface allows a "warm
boot" of the system--that is, you can

Behind the scenes, the inevitable tangle of cables

break in a reset the system without using
the power switch.

SECRETS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM

The following commands are supported by

TOS, all on the 2068 keyboard: ATTR*,
CAT#, CLOSE#*, MOVE*, DIM*, ERASE*, FOR-
MAT#, GO SUB*, GO TO*x, INPUT*, LIST,

LOAD*, MERGE*, LET*, OPEN*, PRINT#, DRAW#,
and SAVE*. An accompanying article details
exactly what each command does.

The TOS is quite adequately explained
in the manual accompanying the system. It

consists of a 70 page 5 1/2" by 8" book.
There are no photos or drawings in the
manual and only one diagram (reproduced

below). The original was produced on a dot
matrix printer then offset printed. In
spite of this, the text is quite readable.
The book is divided into seven sections:
1. Introduction
2. Setting Up
3. TOS, Part I -- basic commands
4. TOS, Part II -- working with direc-
tories and Pathnames
3. Random Access and Sequential Files
6. Serial Communication Ports
7. Appendices
A. TOS Command Summary
B. Error Reports
C. Utility Programs
D. RSZ32C Link Ups
E. Error Trapping
F. Machine Code Tips

The main two failings of the manual are
the lack of illustrations to make things
easier, and the lack of an index which
would greatly simplify locating just the
information you need.

The manual is easy to read, and goes a
good job of explaining several rather com-
plex subjects, such as directories and
pathnames. Further, it has several simple

“Here is a brief Melber istion oF
of the extended BASIC instructions s
ed a TOS. Each command is on the”

e Sot seh emt by
2 that: Seah aosyen, PY the > path

"INPUT*” =— UEt. He far owed ny” Sane!

| Reads a record froma file. Record num
may be specified eg ded random access” to
ie igeto ae : - -—. .

ename already exists" and —
oS. = ‘erm ite current —

programs at appropriate places which
really should be typed in by the beginner
as they illustrate very well the intended
point.

In order to understand how to use and
get around in TOS, it is necessary to know
about DIRECTORIES, PATHNAMES, and “TREES.
The opening directory (obtained by CAT)
when the operating system is first loaded
is called the "Root Directory”. The Root
Directory may list both files (whether
programs, data files, etc.) and subdirec-
tories leading to other files. These dir-
ectories in turn may contain other files
and/or directories. When the whole filing
structure of a diskette is considered it
is called a TREE. Describing the path from
the Root Directory down to the particular
file you wish to access is called the PATH
NAME. The accompanying diagram taken from
the TOS manual illustrates this concept
very well. The diagram is a map of the
contents of Side A of the Operating System
Disk which comes with the disk system.

*ROOT* [| -rme

= So os

feaenoar] (cane) [creiwr] [oune ] [Roors |

FILING

ADDRESS.EAS
ADDRESS.REC

[RSRECETY]

Such a “hierarchic" structure allows § an
orderly arranging of files. Note in the
diagram that Utilities are all under one
directory, Maths under another, and Fun
under a third.

When the disk is first booted, a CAT*
will yield the following:
:DEMO
Level 0 Drive A
Name Typ Size Alloc S P
HELP BAS 11087 11k. P
MATHS DIR 3197 4K P
FUN DIR 6651 Se P
UTIL OIR 3075 7K &
FILING DIR 1070 2K e
MAX 140K CUR 33K REM 107K
0 OKs O81

Compare this to the diagram. The Directory
being viewed is designated first preceeded
by a colon, that is “:DEMO". This is at.
"Level 0". One Basic program, "HELP.BAS",
can be accessed, or four directories.

HELP.BAS may be loaded with VLOAD* but
entrance to the directories is possible
using the CAT* (pathname) or GO TO* (path-
name). An example (using diagram) would be
accessing "DICE" by entering GO TO*":DEMO
sFUN: GAMES". Calling for CAT# would now
show “Level 2" and only two listings in
the :GAMES directory. A total of 16 direc-
tories can be created and maintained on
one side of a diskette. These can be ar-
ranged in practically any way including as
directories inside other directories. In
the diagram, 9 directories exist.

Files within directories are allocated
a minimum of ik of disk space. File names

can be up to 8 characters plus a dot and

a 3 character extension. All of the fol-
lowing are examples of legal file names:

a

CALENDAR. BAS

CALENDAR. COD

DICE

All file names are automatically con-
verted to upper case characters. TOS auto-
matically assigns ".DIR" to directory
names and ".SCP" to serial communication
port files. Looking at the listing above
for the directory of :DEMO, there are 2
columns on the right side labelled S and
P. If a file is open at the time a direc-
tory is called for, an "0" will appear in
the S column. Since up to 16 files may be
open at once for reading and/or writing
from, this column shows which are open and
closed at any given time. The FP column
shows if a file is protected. Protected
files cannot be erased (except by FORMAT)
or written to, only read from. Files are
protected or unprotected using the ATTR*
command. This command also allows files to
be created which are invisible to the CAT*
command.

Though this overview does not do jus-
tice to the TOS, I am convinced that once
this system is available to serious soft-
ware producers, the Timex/Spectrum commun-
ity will see business software far more
powerful than anything possible today. By
using the power of TOS to automatically
open, close, read, write, append, and
create up to 16 different files at once,
powerful databases and complex management
programs similar to those available to IBM
PC users is possible. I use an IBM PC with

its PC-DOS and was immediately struck when
I read the TOS manual by its similarity to
PC-DOS while being easier to use!

An extensive list of 65 error messages
is used by the system. Each is clearly
explained in an appendix of the manual.
They are quite specific and allow a quick
diagnosis of mistake was made.

At present, four utility programs exist
on the TOS diskette: BACKUP, LOSYS, DUMP,
and LPRINT. BACKUP allows the copying of
an entire diskette, sector by sector, to
another diskette, even if only one drive
is available. LOSYS allows updating to new
versions of the operating system as they
become available without loss of data on
current diskettes. Each diskette has a
version of TOS written to it when it is
formatted. DUMP will dump the chosen file
onto the screen, giving the hexadecimal
bytes for each address and the ASCII equi-
valent. LPRINT activates serial port A on
the back of the controller box so that the
BASIC commands LPRINT and LLIST will drive
a serial printer.

IT had no way to check the functioning
or uses of the two serial ports. The TOS
manual provides several pages of informa-

tion concerning opening and closing chan-
nels, transmitting and receiving data,
connecting two Spectrums or T-2068s to-

gether and communicating, etc. It is very
fascinating and the manual makes it sound
very easy.

Two final appendices in the manual ex-
plain the use of error trapping and using
TOS in machine code routines. Error trap-
ping uses two otherwise unused system var-
iables in the Spectrum and Timex: SYSERR
and TRAP. The machine code tips detail
accessing the TOS ROM without crashing the

system. Those users who understand machine
code programming will find these 3 pages
of great value.

CONCLUSIONS

The Timex Disk Drive System and TOS may
be the vehicle that can carry both the
Spectrum in England and the 2068 in the
U.S.A. on to their rightful place as stan-
dards in the small computer field. I can-
not imagine any device, peripheral, or
software that Timex or Sinclair could have
introduced for these machines that could
have a greater impact for good than this
system. Once a user has worked with this
disk system for 30 minutes, I do not be-
lieve he/she will truly be happy with any-
thing less!

The system provides for a great deal of

expansion. A notice on the bottom of the

controller box, and mentions in the liter-
ature Timex shipped with the system, show
that CP/M is already able to run on this
setup with the addition of 48k more of RAM
in the controller box. CP/M is the most
popular operating system for 8 bit busi-
ness computers and has thousands of opro-
grams written for use with it.

Here at SUM Magazine we have some of
everything--Microdrives, Wafadrives, cas-
sette, ROM cartridges--and we use them all
at one time or another. It is my opinion
that, should Timex ever decide to bring
this system to market here, and it works
as well as our Fortuguese model does, not
only will 2068 owners stand in long lines
to purchase a system, but previous non-
owners will also stand in line to purchase
BOTH the computer AND the drive system!

-- Richard Cravy

Additional Notes on the Hardware
of the T-2068 & Disk Drive

Disassembling the T-2068 reveals a cir-
cuit board smaller than found in the Amer-
ican computer. It is a very professionally
designed board with no wire jumpers. A
stand alone RF modulator replaces the vid-
eo/RF modulator circuitry of the TS-2068.
There are no trim pots or adjustable com-
ponents except for a fine tune in the RF
modulator. By comparison, the TS-2068 has
five adjustable components.

The integrated chip count is down to 14
from 18 in the TS-2068, and none are soc-
keted. Gone are the ICs which buffer the
address and control lines; gone is the
switching regulator IC, replaced by a 5
volt regulator and a very large heat’ sink
as found in the Spectrum+. The speaker has
a new chip driving it, the popular LM 386,
and the sound is louder. The SCLD chip
looks the same but following the circuit

Siren
ST x
wih
a
REST ES ES TO DD |

RE SR OerS

Side-by-side comparison of the TS-2068 (left) and Portuguese T-2068 main circuit boards

board traces indicates that it is probably
ditferent--bad news for owners who might
have wanted to swap theirs for this one.

The rest of the components on the com-
puter circuit board are about the same and
in the same general location with the ex-
ception of the 5 volt regulator and the
2-80 cpu. The ear and mic jacks are like
those on the TS-1000 and Spectrum series;
they are not as sturdy but work fine. The
keyboard has more spring and fewer dead
spots than the TS-2068. The circuit board
itself is stamped "Timex 2068A"; compare
this to my TS-2068 which says "Timex TS
2000". The boards seems to be one model
behind the machines they are in!

10

The big question is how ‘compatible is
the new T-2068 with the English Spectrum
and the American TS-2068. The answer is:
VERY! I was able to run M-Script with its
64 column mode as well as Musicola and
Cyberzone and the computer ran like a
TS-2068. Next I inserted the Spectrum
Emulator cartridge that comes with the
T-2068 and loaded all the Spectrum soft-
ware I had. No problems! The emulator
boots up differently than Doug Dewey’s EMU
1. Doug's shows first the 2068 copyright
and then switches to the Spectrum copy-
right. The 1T-2068 emulator boots directly
to the Spectrum copyright notice.

What about hardware compatibility? The

In the middle is the Maxell 3” diskette. Other recording media
include 514” diskette, ROM cartridge, Wafadrive cartridge, and
regular cassette tape.

T-2068 has a Spectrum edge connector 50
should handle anything made for the Spec-
trum by using the emulator cartridge (Ro-
tronics Wafadrive, Sinclair Interface I
and II). The Timex 2040 printer works fine
as does the 2050 modem and Tasman printer
interface. The Aerco interface works fine
on my printer, but may give problems since
it looks for the RESET line, which is not
in the same location on the T-2068 and
Spectrum edge connectors. Since this line
is for resetting your printer to begin
printing, the same thing may be accom-
plished by simply turning off your printer
and then back on before sending to it. The
FootePrint interface described in SUM in
the January thru March issues does well
and so does the Timex 2020 tape recorder.

I believe the A & J Microdrive will
work if a "twister board" is designed to
make the edge connector look like the T5S-
2068.

In the May-June issue of LIST (Long Is-
land Sinclair Timex Newsletter, P. 0. Box
438, Centerport, NY 11721) Nazir Pashtoon
also reviews the Portuguese T-2068. He has
already figured out the rear edge connec-
tor pin-outs, specifically those which ex-
tend beyond the Spectrum (the T-2068 has
more pins on its edge connector than the
Spectrum, just like the TS-2068). EXROM,
BE and RGB signals are still present = on
this new buss. Missing are ROSCS, SPKR
TAPE OUT, SOUND, IQAS, and EAR. Added is a
stripped sync signal for an RGB monitor
making a direct hook-up to an RGB monitor
possible. Connecting the proper pins to my
Sears RGB monitor gave beautiful results
without having to make any extra circuits.
Pashtoon’s unit apparently was ai rough
pre-production unit as it had a "rigged"

11

color video circuit, extraneous bypass
Capacitors, and all its chips in sockets.
Nazir did test the Sinclair microdrives on
his model T-2068 and reported that they
worked perfectly.

Opening all three of the system boxes

shows clean, professionally designed and
produced circuit boards. I only found one
jumper wire.

The power supply is double-fused = and

well regulated. Our unit got a little hot-
ter than I like, but did not affect its
operation. It is necessary to always put
it where it can get plenty or air circu-
lation to prevent possible overheating.
Inside the disk controller I found a
very familiar circuit board--the board
from the TS-1016 RAM pack for the TS-1000!
It still has the Sinclair logo and (fiat
ribbon cable. The engineers were resource-

ful! The controller is basically a self-
contained computer, having its own Z-80
cpu, memory (16k + 1k), and ik ROM. For

the two RS-232 ports on its backside, a
UART (universal asycronous receiver/trans-
mitter) is used. A disk controller chip
and a "mystery" ULA chip completes the
board.

Having the on-board RAM means the con-
troller does not take up any computer RAM.
This enhances software compatibility and
distinguishes it from the Rotronics Wafa-
drive, Sinclair Microdrive, and several
disk drive systems available in England
for the Spectrum. A label on the bottom of
the controller refers to CP/M. Since only
the ROM was socketed inside, perhaps it
will be changed and extra memory added for
CF/M compatibility later.

Inside the disk drive box is a Hitachi
3" drive. The disk unit is very sturdy and
solid looking; 1 suspect it will be very
reliable. A set of jumpers at the back of
the drive allows configuring the drive as
number 1, 2, 3, or 4 in a system.

The two interfaces supplied with our
unit allowed us to run the disk drive sys-
tem with both the Spectrum+ and the
T-2068. A third interface is promised to
allow the TS-2068 to also run the drive
system. We were able to accomplish this by
using a twister board modified according
to Nazir Pashtoon’s instructions in LIST
and then plugging into the 17-2068 inter-
face. Voila! Disk drives on the American
TS-2068 !

-- Joe Williamson

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White Lightning .................. $24.95 Look Sharp (ages 4-7).........+-+5. $12.95
Cieiet..2..>.,.....2...... $18.95 Know Your Own TSI-Q......... $12.95
MIIIIEOAE .ccou-a. .. co CGS vas pce Os $12.95
BEST-SELLING GAMES
SPECTRUM EDUCATIONAL Knight boee. $988 eek eS. $12.95
Cosmos Educational Language <0.) SS aPaatateeni aan $12.95
Sanh A eS. $12.95 Og, eee $12.95
Spanish B J See ee ee $ 1 2.95 Alien Eight < © $25, 0568 6 6 4 2 6 ee oe ee ae $ 1 2.95
French A i Se eer $ 1 2.95 Sabre Wulf an ae ae eee 6 6 6 © 60 le «2 $ 1 2.95
aa $12.95 Smece Siisttiesc. i. ces 0k 0 oS sas Res $10.00
= SS See $12.95 Arena 3000 (like Robotron) ........ $10.00
aan ee $12.95 eg eee ee oe ee eee $10.00
Spanish A & B Eg $25.00 Pitfall II <r es 6b aoe we oe eRe © ae * 53 0s $12.95
Coane Mei Sh ee $25.00 American Football ................ $13.95
Go A Oo $25.00 Backpacker’s Guide to Universe I .. $12.95
Fisher Price Backpacker’s Guide to Universe II... $12.95
Add ’Em Up (ages 3-7) ........--- $12.95 Daly Thompson’s Decathalon -..... $11.00
Number Tumblers (ages 8-12) Pe ee $12.95 3-D Star Strike Ser eT ee Tene S Fe $10.00
Rose Software Brian Bloodaxe ................00:. $12.95
Intermediate English Se $1] 2.95 Blue “SSS ere oer ee ee $] 2.95
Intermediate English II.......... $12.95 Raid Over Moscow ................ $12.95

*Due to fluctuations in the International Currency Market, our prices are subject to change without notice.

Add *1.00 per software title for shipping and handling.

As we are agents, not importers, for English companies, all hardware items are shipped prepaid to you
direct from England. All software is shipped from our offices in the U.S. Payment must be made by check

or money order.

English Micro Connection e 15 Kilburn Court e Newport, RI 02840 e 401/849-3805

Hardware/S oftware Review

The Rotronics Wafadrive
An inexpensive alternative to cassettes

Those of us with ZX81s and T51000s
remember well the long and doubtful load-
ing times of our original machines. To us,
the 152068 with its "fast" loading time
was almost miraculous by comparison. But
the new soon wore off, and we all cast our
eyes longingly to Uncle Clive and the
Sinclair Microdrives. Alas, they never got
across the Atlantic before Timex bailed
out.

In recent months we have at last begun
to see our longings realized as micro-
drives, stringy floppies, and even disc
drive systems have begun to make their
appearance. This month we are going to
look at the ROTRONICS WAFADRIVE SYSTEM.
This system has been a big hit in England,
where it was born, and is now available to
2068 owners with the aid of a Spectrum
emulator.

The Wafadrive is to be distinguished in
name from the A & J Microdrive and the
Sinclair Microdrive. The Wafadrive has
been nominated by the British Microcomput-—
ing Awards committee for "Peripheral of
the Year" and was named "Product of the
Year" by the Computer Trades Association

in England. Many reviews I have read place
it above the Sinclair Microdrive in per-
formance and reliability.

The Rotronics Wafadrive consists of a
black plastic box about 9 1/4" wide by 4
3" high.

1/4" deep by It has a short

Front view of Rotronics Wafadrive. A Wafatape is inserted in the left

drive.

interface cable and connector
from its front and three edge connectors
visible in the rear. Two slots in the
front near the top provide access to the
wafadrives and three red LEDs between the
two slots show power on and which drive is
being accessed. The Wafadrive unit uses
the same Entrepo stringy floppy tapes used
by early A & J Model 2000 Microdrives
(later models have a different drive and
tape).

The Wafadrive plugs right in to a Spec-
trum or Spectrum Plus as it comes from the
box. It can be interfaced to a TS 2068
using the Omni/Emu Spectrum Emulator (will
not work with Romswitch or Spectrum Rom)
and a Spectrum buss converter board. Con-
necting the system, at least to a Spectrum
Plus, is very simple. Only the one connec-
tion to the back of the Spectrum edge
connector is made. The Wafadrive draws its
power from the Spectrum (or TS 2068) and
needs no external power supply.

The back of the Wafadrive provides
three outputs: a Spectrum compatible ex-
tension of the edge connector, a centron-
ics parallel printer port, and an RS-232
serial port. Cables for the non-standard
printer port connectors are available at a
very reasonable price.

Once the Rotronics Wafadrive is con-
nected and the computer is turned on, the
regular opening screen shows the Sinclair

protruding

Rear view of Wafadrive showing (I. to r.) edge connector, centronics
port, and RS-232 port.

copyright notice. The computer functions
like a normal Spectrum computer. To acti-
vate the Wafadrive Operating System, you
type NEW *. After a very brief flicker of
the screen, the screen shows that the
operating system is in place. Now the fun
begins.

CAT * #A (or B) will give a_ directory
of the tape currently in drive A (or 8B)
showing name of file, type of file, size
of file, storage capacity of the wafatape,
and storage space left.

To load a program, type LOAD * "a:file-
name" or simply LOAD *"" if the tape is in
the default drive and has only one file on
it. Saving is SAVE * "“a:filename". The
minimum size of a file is ik so only 16

files maximum can be saved on the 16k
tapes, and up to a maximum of 32 on the
64k and 128k tapes. Programs are trans-

fered to or from tape at about 2k/second
(18k baud) once the program is located by
the Wafadrive. Maximum time to find a file
is 45 seconds on the 128k wafers and 6.5
seconds on the 16k. The W.0.S. (Wafadrive
Operating System) takes care of where to
place the files and how many there are.
Files do not have to be numbered as with
the A & J drives.

New tapes must be formatted for use
with the FORMAT * command. This is also
useful for erasing a whole tape. Tapes can
be protected from erasure by removing the
write protect tab.

Other, more advanced work can be done
with the file capabilities of the Wafa-
drive reminiscent of floppy disk systems.
For example, random access data files can
be written to and read off the wafatapes,
and commands such as MERGE, MOVE, COPY,
and VERIFY can be used.

The printer interfaces have their own
software on built-in ROM so need no other
software to work in Basic except the OPEN#
command. They both support PRINT and LIST.
The RS-232 can both send and receive at
baud rates between 300 and 19,200. Pin-
outs and sample programming applications
are included in the manual.

The manual consists of a 68 page wire-
ring-bound book about 3" by 5 1/2" in
Size. It has both a Table of Contents and
Index, and is very well written and easily
understood. Though not everything you
might ever need to know is found in it, I
Suspect that enough information is there
for you to figure the rest out.

Also included with the Rotronics Wafa-
drive System is one blank wafatape and a

5-38 S

SOFTWARE

QUALITY MACHINE CODE SOFTWARE

ESCAPE (TS 2068 Only)
Muiti-frame, high adventure dungeon game.
Survive challenge and traps !

WORD PROCESSOR(ZX 81 / TS 1000)

16K RAM required. High speed,
Saveable,

programme .
printer output, 9K text.

HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS
(TS 1000 / ZX 81 Only)

Game creators : OQne minute loading, 192X128
resolution, faster PLOT, test and unplot points.

MACHINE CODE UTILITIES
(ZX 81 / TS 1000 Only)

25 Integrated utilities ! Animation, score
keeping, DATA, READ, RESTORE, multi-direction
scrolling.

ALL PROGRAMS HAVE MUCH MORE !1!

TO ORDER, OR FOR FREE CATALOGUE:
INTER-PACIFIC SYSTEMS INC. SOFTWARE DIVISION

3770 Duke Road, R.R.# 1,
VICTORIA, B.C.. Canada.

Orders payable in U.S. funds, by certified cheque or
international money order to [.S.I.

Convert gs T/S 2068 toa SPECTRUM

eB aww?
SPECTRUM
EMULATOR

CARTRIDGE

YOURS FREE WHEN YOU PURCHASE
ANY FIVE SPECTRUM TAPES FROM
OUR LARGE INVENTORY — WRITE OR

CALL NOW FOR CURRENT TITLES

==
|

Sunset Electronics

2254 Taraval Street
San Francisco, California 94116

(415) 665-8330
—E————————————

ne oo cre RE RARE FE RE SAIS

14

* ONLY y

$99995

How much would you expect to pay . = ———
for a dual 128K fast access storage os — = : ae

system for your Timex 2068 that 2...
included Centronics and RS232 .
interfaces, Spectrum software and
buss emulation, and free word
processing software as standard?
Chances are it’s a lot more than $229.95.
But this is what will buy you the incredible

DAMCO/ROTRONICS Wafadrive unit. (And if
you already own an Omni-Emu Chameleon the

price is even less!)

* The Omni/Emu cartridge is required to operate the Wafadrive
system. The Wafadrive will not operate by just changing the
ROM to the Spectrum ROM or by using the ROM switch.

A fast reliable dual-

drive storage system

Integrated System

The Wafadrive is a
complete system which
contains the micro interface,
two 128K drives, RS232 and
Centronics ports, all in one
attractively-styled, compact
unit. There is a minimum of
connecting leads and no extra
boxes to clutter the desk top.
Like the majority of profes-
sional systems, the units are
dual drive. This offers the opti-
mum balance between
system flexibility and cost.
Built-in serial and parallel
interfaces allow the direct
connection of just about any
popular printer.

Fast and Reliable

The Wafadrive achieves
very fast loading and saving,
but not at the expense of
reliability. Extensive research
and the use of high grade
materials ensure that the
Wafadrive will give years of
dependable operation. Data
integrity is on a par with
floppy disk. The fully inter-

changeable wafers are avail-
able in three sizes-128K, 64K
and 16K. Low capacity
wafers give faster access.
They are therefore most
Suitable for program develop-
ment applications. The high
capacity wafers are suitable
for more general data storage.
Loading rate is approximately
2K per second-almost twice
as fast as similar products.

Software
Armed with the com-

[ DAMCO/ROTRONICS WAFADRIVE PRICE LIST
| __ DAMCO/ROTRONICS Watadrive Timex 2068

___16K wafer

___64K wafer

____ 128K wafer

___Heathrow/NightflitelI(48K: Hewson)

____ Space Wars/Seiddab Attack/Luna
Attack (48K: Hewson)

____ Bear Bovver/Wong’s Loopy Laundry/
World Cup (48K: Artic)

| ___Starbike (48K: Softek)

___ The Artist-graphic utility
(48K:Softek)

____ZAP machine code development
package (48K:Hewson)

____RS232 cable

____ Centronics (parallel) cable

al
tt

15

POSTAGE: $5.00 for Wafadrives__——
$1 per order for software & cables
(no postage charge for software

or cables if ordered with drive)
MA residents add 5% sales tax

prehensive user manual,
blank wafer and word pro-
cessor supplied, you can use
your Wafadrive right away.
There is also a rapidly
growing range of software to
enable the programmer and
games player to exploit the
Wafadrive system to the full.

Spectrum Emulation

The Wafadrive includes
the Omni/Emu Cartridge.
This enables the Timex 2068
to run thousands of Spectrum

$229.95 —
$2.99
$3.49
$3.99 aa
$19.95
$19.95

owner’s signature.

$14.95

$12.95

$14.95______ | \jame:

_— Address:

*
$12.95

ORDERING INFORMATION ;
Payment can be made in the form of money order, check, VISA, or i
Mastercard. Personal checks take two weeks to clear. VISA and
Mastercard orders must include number, expiration date, and

programs. The rear edge
connection is compatible
with Spectrum Hardware as
well as allowing use of the
2040 printer.

Wafadrive for the Timex
2068 and the 16/48K Spectrum
are available now. Versions
forother popularhomecompu-
ters are under development.

Send a2 2cent stamp for
a full color brochure and
information on software and
accessories.

L) | enclose a check/Money Order
L] Charge my VISA/MC account no.
(} VISA/MC Expiration date

Signature:

CS ———

Mail to: DAMCO ENTERPRISES
67 Bradley Ct.,Fall River, MA 02720
(617) 678-2110

Due to the fluctuation in the international currency, our prices are i
subject to change without notice.

word processing program called Spectral
Writer. Spectral Writer resembles and
functions very much like Tasword Two in
many ways. It offers 64 character screen,
352 line text capacity, automatic word-
wrap and justification, page numbering and
headings, tabs, very fast text entry,
"bell" before line ends, programmable
printer codes, etc. It comes with its own
39 page manual also well written and or-
ganized. Its advantages over Tasword Two
are these: it’s "free" with the system,
faster keyboard response, tabs, auto page
numbering and heading, and ability to
change screen colors. Its biggest disad-
vantage seems to be that there is no way
given to change the 64 column line length.
In other words, all lines of text must be
64 columns, no more or less! This makes it

unsuitable (unless someone has the patch
or knows an undocumented command) = for
producing anything with narrower’ columns

such as this magazine article.

The Wafadrive Operating System comman-
deers 2k+ of your computer‘’s memory when
it is booted up with the NEW * command. It
confiscates this memory just above the
System Variables area and below the Basic
Programming area. As a result, some pro-
grams may not fit when using Wafadrives.
Other programs, because they address spe-
cific areas of memory also may not’ be
compatible with the Wafadrives. We will be
able to report more later on which popular
software does and does not fit. Rotronics
claims to have a list of software that has
been converted to the Wafadrives.

The American distributor of the Rotron-
ics Wafadrive System is Damco Enterprises,
67 Bradley Ct., Fall River, MA 02720;
617/678-2110. Their retail price for the
system for the Spectrum is currently
$165.95. Price for the TS 2068 version
including Omni/Emu and buss converter is
$229.95. Printer cables, either kind, are
$12.95 each. Blank wafers are $3-4 each.
They also offer a number of games and
other software on Wafatapes at very rea-
sonable prices.

Are they worth the money? You will have
to decide. For a little more money’ than
the A& J Microdrive, you can get a two
drive system with two printer interfaces
and a word processor thrown in for good
measure. The price is considerably less
than the price of any of the single disk

drive systems being advertised as of this
writing. What would I do? I’ve already
bought one! -—- Richard Cravy

16

Centronics Printer I/F
with S’” printer cable

as above + computer cable.. $89.95

Floppy Drive I/F

+ 3’ 3-1/4" drive cable... #199.95
MENTION YOU SAW IT IN * SUM’

AND RECEIVE A 10% DISCOUNT

When ordering, specify type of computer
Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery

CALL or Write for free catalog to:

Research Service Labs
P O Box 19124 OKC, OK 73144
(405) 745-9322

Phone hrs: 2-10PM CST Monday thru Friday

QuarTerS

FOR TIMEX/SINCLAIR ENTHUSIASTS
PUBLISHED BY WMJ DATA SYSTEMS

A quarterly publication with an emphasis
on the use of the BASIC computer
language as it relates to the T/S
computers. QTS provides: programming
tips and articles, For you... up to date
T/S products, dealers, catalogs,
publications, reviews on hardware and
software...

"QuarTerS was really impressive
this spring and I would like to
say, "Well done." Keep up the
great work."

Gary Preston II,
Southern VA Timex
Users Network

One year subscription (4 issues) only
$8.00. Overseas subscription only
$11.00(US$). Sample copy: $3.00. Check

Or money order to:

WMJ DATA SYSTEMS
Dept SUM
4 Butterfly Drive -
Hauppauge, NY 11/788

JOIN THE QTS FAMILY
KEEP THE T/S WORLD ALIVE!

SKIPPER ELECTRONICS

We have the parts you need for all your
hardware construction projects.

SKIPPER ELECTRONICS
3708 Newberry Road — Gainesville, FL 32607
904/373-6796

Hardware Project

Convert Your TV into a
Computer Monitor

It's not too difficult to convert
any B&W or recent color television
into a direct-video monitor for
your 2068. Being a T.V. technician
by trade, I was not satisfied with
the hashy-trashy display on my new
computer since my old ZX-81 had a
UHF RF modulator and put out a
very clean picture. I found a 12"
B&W transistor junker at the shop
that only needed a fresh CRT , put
in a tube from another abandoned
set and converted it.

The most important fact about
aimost ail. .V.'s today. is. that
the CHASSIS GROUND IS NOT EARTH
GROUND. In order to eliminate the
necessity of an expensive power
transformer, the chassis ground is
A.C. ground and can have up _ to
117 volts A.C. potential to earth

— ground. This means we have to use

Capacitors for both ground and to
couple video into the set. I found
that 10 mfd was more than enough to
eliminate any tearing in the video
due to the lack of a real ground.
Use 3 or 4 mfd. for the signal
Capacitor. I modified my set into a
monitor only, but it is’ possible
to add a switch to cut off one of
the I.F. transistors and make a TV/
monitor.

Tocomputer video out

Stv4 mf 10K (sptiong\)

icc velfts

oH Se EN

Ste both
bo@ vebts

Ciessis 3 ,

GON ad $

Make

VidEC
DENECTCR
DCVE IST vided
TRANSISTOR

SPEECH SYNTHESIZERS
B1i6.95 tf!

For 1S 2068 1S 1500 15 1000

Digitized words stored on cassette can be
loaded in and spoken without any hardware
or modifications!!! Sound is heard through
internal speaker or MIC jack on TS 2068;
through TV or MIC jack on TS 1500/1000.
Please specify computer.

Also avilable for TS 2068: TALKING
SPACE ZAP GAME $16.95. Use joystick or keys
to destroy enemy ships. Verbal messages let
you know how you are doing. Figure out how
to gain an advantage. Nothing else required
to use!! (not even the speech synth above)

ORDER NOW FROM: TAD PAINTER
BOX 166055
IRVING, TX 75016

FISH LOCATER

THE PROGRAM THAT TELLS YOU WHEN,
WHERE AND HOW TO CATCH MORE FISH!

LET YOUR COMPUTER REVEAL THE SECRETS OF
THE PROS !

Best Days to go fishing
Best Locations on the water’
Best Times
Best Depths
Best Baits

Best Techniques .
Overall Prospects any date

Special sections on:
Bass - Walleye - Northern Pike

TS20668 version (cassette w/ instr) $19.95 +82 s/h

BUDGETSOFT - 230N. Main, Rushville, IN 46173
(317) 932-3966 Visa , MC, Checks

SWITCH THESE locating tne hole in the cabinet

pe eee OP TIENAL easy. Mount a terminal strip near

TO CONNECT =

— aes TRIMMEK the jack and run the two capacitors
To Ir REQD between it and the jack.- Connect
COMPUTER One between chassis ground and the

outside of the RCA jack.. Connect
the other capacitor between the
center of the jack and the center
of the shielded cable. . Run the
Shielded cable into the I.F. and
solder the center in the hole left
after you have pulled up an end of
the video detector diode. After you
make certain that both parts of the
sack-are “i1sclated;— tts ‘timé to
Switch your computer's cable from
RF to the monitor jack and hook up
the set and see clean direct video.
Now, if the picture is negative and
flipping,the fix is easy. Your set
has negative video so just switch
the- connections of* -the “coupling
Capacitors. If the signal seems to
be too strong or there are double
images; adding a 10K ohm trim pot
Should take care of it. On a color
TV you can re-center the tint by
using the proper adjusting tool on
the burst transformer. If you're
adjusting this transformer, then
the slightest adjustment makes a

ic huge difference in the tint. If the
collar Al en ry aE Ae FW A color is weak,the ACC/Killer trim

[5c LATED .
RCA Jacl\

TEQIVONAL STRIP

Start out by using a schematic or
other means and find the video
detector diode and the first video
transistor. The monitor output of
your computer is injected after
the video detector and before the
first video amp. Mount an RCA jack
installed ina plastic card next to
a place where you can cut a hole in
the cabinet . A cardboard template
that fits over one of the controls
that projects out of the back makes

Each issue brings you 32 pages of usable information, program pot will take care of that. I found
listings, product reviews, programming articles, hardware . 4 :

projects, and aiad teatime for your computer. T-S HORIZONS that 12 Ss also good to disconnect
features nationally Known authors like Paul ica Reged oa the Speaker and replace + with a
Young, and others. The price is ONLY $15.00 for a full year

(12 iene: AND for a limited time only, new subscribers 10 ohm 1 watt dummy load.

will receive our special telecommunications issue (#7, see This conversion works for both B&W

below) #FREE* with their subscription. ;
or color sets. I'm using the 12"

set I modified right now to write

IN _T-S HORIZONS #7

TS Heritens Byte Back Modem Review this-articie. The display on -it- is
Faced head Fo ater a en, as good aS commercial monitors
Telecommumications I've seen being driven by 2068s.
for Beginners Se
Book & Game Reviews John Monkus

Rotating Globe Routine
Articles By G. Young
and Paul Hunter
Sinclair Info. Network
TS-1000 Power Supply PARTS LI St
atid Wait SE eS SS ee Oe a ee eo
TS-2068 TS- 1000/1500 SS

PROCRAMS © BANK SWITCHING-4 Saneseee RCA jack mounted on a plastic card

EVENS \PowensuPPLT? - Rea | 3 to 4 mfd capacitor @ 100 volts

—— T-S HORIZONS + to-10: mid-capacitor @ 100 wotts
Ree Re ee Oh ee Shielded audio cable

lEnclose $15 (US) for 12-issue
subscription, plus #FREE® back NAME
issue (while supplies last).

$21 Canada, $25 other foreign. ADDRESS
, Extra back issue/sample: $2.00

9 or 6 lug terminal strip
(optional) 10K trim pot
(optional) 10 ohm 1 watt resistor

CITY
eo TO: T-S HORIZONS
2002 Summit St STATE , ZIP
! PORTSMOUTH, OH 45662 =

18 ©

o
“7 KNIGHTED COMPUTERS +
oF 707 Highland 8t. "A
at Fulton, N.Y. 13069 €,

HARDWARE AMD G@OFTWARE FOR THE

ak & at 4

Dh al-mal-lalel(er-]e) ol-1¢

#8
Use your 182068 to iaprove your perforaance at the

track! These fine prograas for THOROUGHBREDS, HARNESS
HORSES, and GREYHOUNDS combine the power of your 192068
computer with the savvy of a veteran handicapper. Spend

a few ainutes entering data, and The Handicapper will

rank the horses or dogs in each race. All the inforaation
is readily available from the Thoroughbred Racing fora,
Harness, or Greyhound Track Prograa. We even provide a
diagras Showing you where to get the data you need!

Horse racing factors include speed, class, past perfor-
mance, post position, stretch gain, beaten favorite,
jockey or drivers record, weight (for thoroughbreds) and
parked out signs (for trotters). Greyhound factors
include speed, past performance, class, favorite box,
kennel record, breaking tendencies, and beaten favorite.

Coaplete instructions and wagering guide included.

Here’s an action-packed arcade-style game based
on a Second World War scenario. You are the gunner THOROUGHBRED, HARNESS, OR GREYHOUND HANDICAPPED $24.95 EA
and bomb aimer whose task is to defend your plane ANY TWO OF THE ABOVE = $ 39.95 ALL THREE FOR $59.95
against eneay attack and destroy the ground targets .

LIP BASIC COMPILER e@@@

in 30 different aissions. The rewards are high for .
the expert aarksaan, but beware, the going gets LIP is an ald for experienced BASIC prograsaers. It allows
tougher on each new mission. One or two player gaae, one to write a program in BASIC, and then compile that pro-
with up to 4 levels of play. High speed graphics. gram into machine code. A compiled BASIC program will run
another fine prograa froa Digital Integration - the typically about 100 times faster than a coaplete BASIC
folks that brought you FIGHTER PILOT. program. ZIP also checks your BASIC prograa for any BASIC
errors before the start of the compilation. After ZIP has
coapiled your prograa, it will give you the address where the
code 15 located, and the nuaber of bytes used for your pro-
graa. You'll then need only to write a short Basic Leader
type prograa to load your code and call the routine.

Coaplete instructions and a great Deao Gaae included.
~—~$ :19.%

(JOYSTICK AND KEYBOARD CONTROL) $19.95

ee ee Se Oe ce we ae Oe) ee OS Ee tee Ee ow SD oe Be a OS OD SS awe — > ee Nr Ae oR ee

DEALER INQUIRES INVITED

Bee ee SSS SSeS SSS SS SIS SSSSSSSSSsSsssssssssessssssssse=

eee WRITE FOR OUR FREE CATALOG #@8 MANY OTHER 1S2068 ITEMS eve

Add $3.00 to total order {or shipping and handling
\Use mailing address above

19

Software Review/E valuation

Pro/ File 2068 Filing System
An Outstanding Value

When Tom Woods released FPRO/FILE 2068
so long ago, it appeared to be quite a
file system if you could figure out how to
use all of it’s features from the meager
instructions included with the program. We
were all promised that a comprehensive
manual was being compiled and would be
shipped to all who ordered P/F as soon as
it was available. So we waited, and we
waited. Finally, after almost a year had
gone by, it came! - it was worth the wait!

The program itself was a sleeping giant
waiting for someone to master it’s power
and complexities. The manual is an in-
depth tutorial on its use, enhancements,
and disassembly.

The manual describes the program as
being like an "index card" file system
with each screen of data (record or file)
being a single card. Once the data is put
in each record, you can order them alpha-
betically or numerically and call up = any
record of your choice just by entering the
name in that record - as with the card
file. F/F goes it one better by being able
to pull up aerecord by any piece of
information in that record.

For example: Suppose you have a mailing
list with names and addresses and you want
to bring up a record that had the word
"NEW" in it but you can’t remember where
the word appeared in the address. You can
simply enter the word "NEW" and P/F will
go and look for any occurance of the’ word
"NEW" and display it on the screen. It may

bring it up as being in the name: I.
NEWTON, or in the address: 112 VINEWOOD
AVENUE, or in the city/state line such as:
NEW YORK, NY 10009. I must note here that
it is better to stay in caps mode so that
there will be no mistake between "new",
"New", and "NEW". P/F sees these all as
different words.

The records are pulled up lightning

fast, and once pulled up, you can change
them, print them, or call up the next
record with the same search command.

Search commands can also be mixed so that
you can ask for more than one parameter to
be true before a record is displayed by
separating each search command by the
token "AND". In the previous example,
suppose that we want to display all people
living on "VINEWOOD" and also living in
"NEW YORK". We would enter "VINEWOOD AND

NEW YORK" in response to the SEARCH
COMMAND? "C" prompt.
The main menu displays several para-

meters such as the number of bytes open
(starts with 28000), the file name, the
line in which ordering takes place, and
the printer format (which lines are sent
to the printer and in what order). The
bottom of the screen contains the menu:
Type "A"to add files, SAVE or LOAD. for

SAVEing and LOADing of files, AUTO for
ordering the files and DEFP which allows
you to alter the printer format.

Choosing "A" gives a blank screen with
a blinking cursor in the top left corner
and a sub-menu at the bottom. You can now
enter anything you like in the 15 line by
32 column space provided. The arrow keys
allow you to start anywhere you like and
the sub-menu gives you commands to delete
and insert lines and COPY to your printer.
Also, you can edit existing files from
this menu. You must remember to place the

IS IT TIME FOR A BIGGER COMPUTER?

lf so, come by Computerized Applications. We are located at 2110 SW 34th Street in the 34th Street
Shopping Plaza, Gainesville, Florida. Our experienced staff can help you select a system which is right

for your home or business.

Computerized Applications carries the Sanyo line of personal computers, starting at just $750, including
disk drive and software. With all systems we include installation and training, and any problems can be
solved by calling our Customer Support Hotline. We also carry Zenith, Xerox, Corona, Zorba, and other
lines of microcomputers, as well as a complete line of dot matrix and daisy wheel printers and supplies.

So whether you are interested in a new system for your home or office, or you need help with your
existing system, drop by Computerized Applications or give us a call at 904-372-8700.

same type of information on the same line very impressed with the friendliness of

in each record so that the order command the program, its storage capabilities, and
can always order the correct data. the way it handles files. Of course there

Once you enter a file, you will notice are always improvements that you would
there are spaces between the end of your like to add, and the manual’s explanation
data and the end of your line. Most greatly aids you in any such endeavor.
databases would see these spaces as data we had considered finding a new program
and save it as part of the file along with to handle our SUM mailing list which would
the rest of the data in that file. That store more names and addresses. The data
wastes a lot of valuable space. In P/F, we had was stored in A$ in a matrix format
those extra spaces are ignored. This of (200,25,5) and P/F uses d$(28000). From
course allows much more data to be saved the manual, I was able to determine that
as compared to say, VU-FILE. each file in P/F was separated by an

The manual goes into great detail on asterisk, and each line was separated by a
each function available and numer ous character code 1. With a short little
examples are given to help you understand program, I was able to convert my data
what is going on. The manual even explains over to d$ and load it into P/F. You must
how the program works ina step by step make sure that d¢$ is the first variable to
analysis of both the BASIC and machine be dimensioned. I now have all of our list
code programming. Also included are

numerous enhancements to make the program
more useful.

Enhancements includes Saving a back up
copy, adding verification, how to change a

SOFTWARE®

file name, how to clear your files, adding Present =:
an audible tick to your keystrokes, saving
paper by not LPRINTing blank lines, Powerful Gog Inexseensive
ordering by more (or less) than the first SuSsiness So rtwar € -
_five characters, disable auto-repeat in —— eee
~ add/edit mode, go directly to LPRINT from Se eee
the edit mode without going through the 2S ae Spe
main menu, go from edit to next entry Se eee
without going to the the main menu, — ee a
Autosearch improvement, block delete to PeSriaat’ s88e ces
purge specified files, and block sort to Se ee ee
rearrange data. SPREADSHEET CALCULA TS
Personally, I would have liked to have er eee
seen all these improvements included with TYS-CALC 2ag¢ £14_.a5
the original, but I can understand how all 22 -CRLS ; Sc SSE ee eee Ss FS Fee
these improvements would take away from mer S&S Geom it Ten
the storage capabilities of 28000 bytes ee ee
(or characters). A definite must for me ee : =
are the "Go from edit to next entry See ES ee a eee
without going to the main menu" and the Printout Of Same... se er S12
“Autosearch improvement" enhancements. a
Use of a "big" printer requires that ee eet ee
you enter the code for your interface. SS SS
Included is code for the Aerco, Tasman, DSS TGRLENDAR SS $if-25
and all Byte-Back interfaces. Also Sige ae ese eee eae
included is a “TALLY" routine which allows = s€fid 3.8.5.5. For Free. Caigiog
you to perform math functions and tab- er Cneek UFr-tioney Order ro:
ulation on data stored in files. S.FLE. =OFTUSRE
The only drawback that I could find is i585 Pennsyivani = ve
the speed at which it orders. As fast as eee ee ae
the program finds things, I had hoped that SAS: =31-6454 ee
the ordering would be at least as fast. a
With about 400 names and addresses in each ote Se Peer eee ot P
file, it took about 30 minutes to order by Gesier Inquiries Invited

Zip Code and print out. Otherwise, I was

on F/F and love it! We needed something
along these lines to help update our

mailing list and to order by zip code,
which is required for bulk mailing.

We needed a few enhancements of our own
to make it fit our needs a little closer.
The first thing I added was the go from
"edit" to next entry without going to the
Main menu and the autosearch improvement
Given in the manual. I found that it
didn’t work just right so I added or
changed the following lines:

2015 LET Y#=INKEYS

7016 IF Y=" STOP " OR Y¢=" STEP
" THEN ON ERR RESET : GO TO 6

OOO

2020 FLASH 0: PRINT AT 1,c:SCREE

N$ (1,c):BEEP .0003,34: IF CODE

y#<ié THEN GO TO S100+CODE ys

Note the BEEP command in the above
line. This works much better than the
enhancement given in the manual. Also,
remove the FOR-NEXT loop at the end of
line 5030. I don’t know why its there, but
it slows things down a bit. I also added
the go directly to LFRINT enhancement. One
of my own enhancements is the go from ADD
a file to ADD another file without going
to the main menu". Toe do this, add or
change the following lines:

1 LET j=0

15 IF j=1 THEN GO TO 5000
JO16 IF Y=" STOF " OR Y#="NOT "

OR Y#=" STEP “" THEN ON ERR RE
SET : GO TO 6000
6025 IF Y$="NOT " THEN LET J=1

When you are through adding one file
and wish to add another, enter the token:
"NOT " and you are immediately given a new
file to fill instead of going through the

main menu first. This really saves time
when you are.adding a lot of new names to
a mailing list.

For our application, we need to have
only current subscribers print out on = our
mailing labels. To do this, I use the
sixth line in the file as the date line
which holds the expiration date of each
subscription. 8512 means that December of
this year is the last issue that will be
received. To incorporate this into P/F, we
need the current month and year to be
entered and compared to the current file
to be printed. Also, printer code must be
entered to use a large printer. The
following lines were added or changed:

1 LET j=0: POKE 26703,187: FO
ke 26704,248: INPUT "Enter today
‘Ss date (yymm): "m$

2 POKE 22658,8

— 7206 IF ES(4,1)<>xX$(1) THEN GO

TO 7208
7207 IF E¥(4,1 TO 3)=X# THEN GO
TQO:-7210
7208 IF E#(6,1)=" " THEN GO TO
7230
7209 IF VAL E$(4,1 TO 4)<VAL M$
THEN GO TO 7230
When ordering of the zip codes is
called, the program now checks to make
sure that each name is up to date before
it is printed. We now have a very usable
program with enough power and storage to
handle us no matter how big we get!
FRO/FILE 2068 is available from Thomas

Woods, FP. 0. Box 64, Jeffersn, NH 03587;
603/586-7734. Price is $29.95 + shipping.
Phone orders are accepted with credit
card.

-- Joe Williamson

VIDEO REPAIRS

On all brands of video recorders — Warranty repairs on RCA, Panasonic, Sanyo, Sylvania, GE, JVC,
Canon, Sharp, Philco, Magnavox, Zenith, Toshiba & Mitsubishi.

Video Taping of Weddings, Depositions, Recitals, Any Special Event

Complete Video Lab for Tape to Tape and Film to Tape Transfers. Watch your home movies on TV.
Video is all we do!”’

VIDEO STUDIO
2727 NW 43 Street Suite 5B/Thornebrook Office Complex/Gainesville, FL 32605
904/373-4007

23

A&J
MODEL 2000 STRINGY FLOPPY

A&S dRive’

1050 “IT” EAST DUANE AVENUE, SUNNYVALE, CA 94086

MICRO
DRIVE

FEATURES
e Lowest cost high speed mass storage
system available.
e High speed 11K baud data transfer rate.
e Loads 28K program in 24 seconds.
e Simple, easy to use!
e 90 day warranty.
e Reliable and portable.
e No rewinding or volume controls.
e No cassette hassles.
e Multiple drive systems.

PART # PRODUCT PRICE
820036 MODEL 2000 STRINGY FLOPPY Il $ 199.50
———— includes: Interface, Drive, Expansion cardedge
oe Owner’s Manual, 5 Micro Wafer Il, Wafer Organizer Add $6.50 Shipping Charges
830017 MODEL 2000 OWNER’S MANUAL 4.95
820040 MODEL 2000 DRIVE 2 124.50
900001 10’ MICRO WAFER II 4.25
900002 20’ MICRO WAFER II 4.25
900003 35’ MICRO WAFER II 4.50
900004 50’ MICRO WAFER II 4.75
900005 62’ MICRO WAFER II 4.75
850001 WAFER ORGANIZER (Folder holds 16 wafers) 5.00
850002 WAFER CADDY (Desk Top Tray Holds 6 wafers) 9.95
850003 WAFER WHEEL (Desk Top Wheel Holds 30 wafers) 18.75
: ORDER FORM
STANDARD WARRANTY: QTY ITEM UNIT PRICE PRICE
All A&J Micro Drive Sales & Service products (except MICRO *
WAFERS) are warranted for 90 days. If your products should ES
fail within 90 days, A&J Micro Drive willrepair your productsfor !
no charge, if return postage paid. Additionally, all products i O Send $4.95 for Owners Manual and more information.
may be returned postage paid within 30 days for full refund of
purchase price. 30 day refund policy may vary with A&J Micro =! CI Check or Money Order Enclosed
Drive Hardware suppliers. yD. as ade
WAFER WARRANTY: O U-P.S. shipping cost, add $3.00, unless other specified
Wafers are guaranteed for a period of 45 days from date of ' O CA residents add 6.5% sales tax :
shipment. If the wafer should fail during this period, return the O Charge tomyO VISA O MASTERCARD
wafer post paid and replacements will be returned as soon as {| CGard# Exp. date
possible at no charge. Se
1 Address |
City State Zip

(408) 732-9292

Software Review

Zaxxon, by U.S. Gold

Spectrum Arcade Game

Zaxxon for the 48k Spectrum that is a
duplication of the popular arcade game. It
comes in a nice plastic package and looks
much more "expensive" than aie standard
cassette case. On the front is a great
picture of the game.

The documentation is pretty good = and
explains the game quite well. A person who
has never seen Zaxxon before may have some
trouble at first. The documentation also
shows some of the other games that the
same company supplies (they look great!).
Also included is an offer to enroll in the
“U.S. Gold Ciub".

Tre 3-D graphics in Zaxxon
good. The space graphics, I

are very
think, are

Tell them you saw it in SUM

HAVE YOU SEEN AMERICA'S COMPREHENSIVE
TIMEX/SINCLAIR MAGAZINE?

Tr ALAC
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MAGAZINE

“Thick with info...knowlegeable writers."
Paul Bingham, Pleasantrees Programming

"T was pleased to see that there still was a
resource for T/S Users with a big magazine
format."

T. Allen, suoscriber

"IT look forward to every issue...you remind
somewnat of the old SYNC MAGAZINE."
K. McDil, subscriber

1 YEAR SUBSCRIPTION (6 issues) ONLY $15.
Sample copy of most current issue available for $3.
Send check or money order for the proper amount to:

TIME DESIGNS MAGAZINE COMPANY
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even better than the original game. The
only problem I have is telling exactly how
high the ship is, and that can be quite
difficult when you come upon a wall or
force field!

The only bad point about Zaxxon is the
speed. It is not smooth at all. In fact,
the movement seems to be in "jerks". The
movement gets faster when there are less
objects on the screen. When dueling with
the other jets in space, the movement
slows more with each additional jet to
fight. This is the only drawback to the
game.

Zaxxon can be played with the keyboard
or joysticks. The game allows programming
any of the keys for movement. Once you
find the keys that feel the best, you can
really get into the game!

Zaxxon is fun and quite playable,
so you arcade buffs will have a very good
time with this one, and at $17.95, it’s a
steal ! ~~ Doug Gangi

FOOTE <&, SOFTWARE

SPECTRUM ROMs

The SPECTRUM ROM allows your TS2068 to run 99%
of all Spectrum 48k software. Just swap out your pres-
ent ROM or build the “Spectremulator” described in the
August & September issues of SUM Magazine.

Spectrum ROM Software

Fighter Pilot
Faster than Flight Simulator/includes air combat!

Jet Set Willy

Manic Miner
Fast action arcade maze games! Works on both
Spectrum and 2068 (we tell you how!).

TS2068 ROM Software |

Badgammon

U.S.A. (Presidents/States & Capitols)
Calorie Counter

Advanced Math (Calculus)

ZX81/TS1000/TS1500 Software

MOM ok Aiki oS ee ee $7.95
Calorie Counter

Advanced Math

Tic-Tac-Toe/Hangman

Add $1.00 on all orders for shipping/handling

FOOTE SOFTWARE
P. O. Box 14655 — Gainesville, FL 32604-4655
904/462-1086 6-9 p.m. EST

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TS 2068

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vn

SUM Magazine
3224 NW 30 Avenue — Gainesville, Florida 32605

Free Sample Copy on Request

Free Personal Ads for Subscri

User

Hardware Projects © Hardware Reviews

Software Reviews © Product Comparisons
Published Monthly © Back Issues Available

>

@
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possible publication. We pay for articles published!

monitor to your 2068; and a series on repairing your
SUM Magazine invites articles, reviews, and projects for
Hardware and software producers are invited to submit
their products for review.

horizon. Examples of recent articles include: Building
TS1000 and ZX81 computers.

your own Spectrum Emulator; an extensive series of
reviews on word processors for the 2068; adding an RGB

want to learn what is available for their computers, how to
do things no one else is doing, and what is just over the

SUM Magazine is aimed at Sinclair and Timex users who

Annual Subscription .................

Wt fl Lt Cie, es ED Ee age 8 I rd
ni rl. yn os) | i Oe Beri eek a! CO: ae Ct a a |

board

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ei Set cu eee od Yoh pe et Ore a i et sr ae Wt ht on PEE “u ru uu | ee | BU aru

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a a ‘i ot ey ed it st PU Lt. a

KEM Mae eet oe A YK Rs A ts

He IC CUE eee ty CUI ed ed LOI od Ph ae et fw fre EM et ‘ RES
WW. deed (Ppecdicbecd decd ied cd cd el WO ed ed ol i SUC ed Sek Seek Sed Sek ae ed ICU ICICI UCU ICU SE ST UCD fh fim foo Pro anes flo fh

Pa wa sof 7 m2 Wi 7 mom Wf “ 41 nf

the program for the TS-1000

TS-1000, Part II

is

Here
which will generate and store your own

characters into the custom graphics
as described in last month's issue:

User Defined Graphics for

Hardware/S oftware Project

paniily
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The monthly magazine with a natural blending of two
popular hobbies — Ham Radio and Computers
* Articles on Ham Radio & Most Personal Computers
* Hardware & Software Reviews
* Various Computer Languages
* Construction Articles
* Much Much More . .

“received my moneys worth with just one
issue...” ‘s
—J. Trenbick

“..always stop to read CTM, even though
most other magazines | receive (and write for)

only get cursory examination...”
—Fred Blechman, K6UGT

ee ge $15.00 for 13 issues
Mexico, Canada

(U.S. funds only)
Permanent (U.S. Subscription)

Ori corvnr-herelamur-larcler=1e
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Phone 205/854-0271

Name

Call Sign

Address
See
Zip Phone
Date

Signature |

zu:

Vendor Report

Timex-Sinclair "Survivor buttons" are
now available from The White Church Cabin,
219 White Church kRd., Brooktondale, NY
14817. The buttons are full sized, 3-color
and say: "SURVIVOR - Low cost computing,”
and have the Timex-Sinclair logo as well.

A & J Microdrive is now supplying the
1000 type micro drives and wafers on their
Model 2000 microdrive. (Early 2000s had a
different drive similar to Rotronics.) The
Older type drives are just as reliable and
the wafers are more readily in supply.
They are also shipping the printer cables
and driver software for the printer port.
1050 "I" East Duane Ave., Sunnyvale, CA

~—94086 (408) 732-9292

Programming Tip
What does the following line do?

10 IF A¢="YES" THEN LET X=1s P
RINT "You pressed YES": STOP

At first glance, it would appear that
whenever the computer came across this
line, it would check to see if A is
"YES". If not, it would not make X=1 = and
then because it is a multi-line statement,
it would print the message and then STOP.
NOT SO! Due to the nature of the operating
system, the statements following -)
conditional check will only be executed
when the IF - THEN statement is true. No
more “go to a subroutine" is needed when
you want to do more than one thing when a
condition is true. Just put them after the
check in a multi-statement line format!

Help Our Advertisers
Out...Tell Them You

Saw Their Ad in
SUM MAGAZINE!

~~

PUBLISHER’S STATEMENT, continued from p. 2

many of them have higher expenses than we
do. We wish them the best, and recommend
that users subscribe to as “many as
possible.
We welcome submissions for publication.
We do not guarantee to publish it, but we
will look at it, and determine if it fits
in with our editorial needs. Also, we are
Willing to pay for both articles and pro-
grams submitted according to the schedule
printed in each issue of SUM. "Willing" is
the key word here, as we leave it to the
author ’s initiative to tell us if he wants
to be reimbursed; if nothing is said, we
assume it’s gratis.
-~ Richard Cravy

FOR SALE

SUM Magazine has two COLOR composite video moni-
tors for sale. They are in near new condition and have
been used for testing and reviewing hardware/software
in SUM. One is an Amdek Color 300 13” originally sell-
ing for $350; the other is a Texas Instruments 12” which

sold for $400. Both are 2068 compatible. Either can

_ be purchased for $180 including shipping. Call Joe Will-

iamson at 904/462-1086 for availability and more infor-
mation.

Gainesville TUG Meetings

The Gainesville Timex Users Group has changed its
meeting time and place. Meetings are now the third
Tuesday of each month in the northeast classroom area of
the Crossroads Church building located at 2720 SW
Second Avenue in Gainesville. Meeting time is still 7:00
p.m. These facilities are somewhat larger than what we
have used in the past and can accommodate a number of
computer set-ups. TUG thanks Skipper Electronics for
their long time support of Timex computers in Gainesville
and for letting us use their store as a meeting place since our
beginning in 1983.

Our May meeting was very exciting, with both the
Portuguese disk drive system and the Rotronics Wafadrive
system available for everyone to look and try out. Anyone
needing more information about the next meeting can call
Joe Williamson at 904/462-1086 or Richard Cravy at
904/378-9000 for more information.

be en a ee

TS 1000 TS 1500 TS 2068

3224 Northwest 30th Avenue
Gainesville, Fiomnia 32605

Tae tS

Pa as BN

we Apes 4

xX. &